The development of integrated circuit and classification
, the abbreviation IC IC (Integrated circuit) relative to the discrete Semiconductor devices (Discreted Semiconductor), it makes several different or the same functional unit centralized processing in a base on the wafer and form a certain function of the device.
Originated in the early 1960 s, it is in a very small number on a chip, using semiconductor process technology to many semiconductor diodes, transistors, resistors, capacitors and other components connected to accomplish a specific function of the electronic circuit electronic technology, and encapsulated in a shell for easy mounting, constitute the integrated circuit.
Integrated circuit to realize the series of components, circuit and system, after forty years quickly become to promote the development of computer, communication, control, and the important components of the development of the electronics industry.
Has characteristics of cardiac
Low density
High low frequency
Low high reliability
Low low power consumption
Low low operating voltage
Low multi-function combination
His classification is left
1, according to the classification process:
TTL: a transistor transistor logic circuit
MOS: MOS
CMOS: complementary metal oxide semiconductor
HMOS: high-performance MOS
High-speed CMOS HCMOS:
BICMOS: bipolar CMOS
ECL: emitter coupled logic circuit
TLM: three layers of metal
2, according to the working condition classification:
Linear circuit, pulse circuit
3, according to the grades of product categories:
Commercial grade: C (applicable to an indoor job, working temperature of 0 ℃ 70 ℃)
Industrial-grade: I (applicable to relatively poor industrial production field and requiring higher reliability, working temperature for a 40 ℃ 85 ℃)
Military-grade: M (applies to poor working conditions, namely the change of working temperature, humidity, and may be a neutron, ion radiation, bear is overweight or weightlessness, and require very high reliability system, the working temperature for a 55 ℃ 125 ℃)
(* note: military-grade)
Military level integrated circuit is divided into three:
The first level military standard for MII. A STD 883 c is the lowest level, such devices are available in not strict, not tactical applications.
Secondary Military Standard is a Standard Military pattern (Standard he was Drawing, SMD, by the Defense Electronics Supply Center (Defense Electronics Supply Center, DESC), SMD indicators are controlled by DESC control rather than by the manufacturer.
The third level is the highest level of military standard, is the unification of the Army and navy specifications (be Army - Navyspecification, JAN). JAN device to ensure the reliability of all sorts of circumstances, can be used in the field equipment.
4, according to use classification:
(1) audio and video integrated circuit (audio amplifier, rf signal processor, audio/video circuits, color TV, audio, digital circuit, the special circuit)
(2) digital integrated circuit (triggers, gate, decoder, delay timer, counter, clock/multivibrator, frequency divider, adder, multiplier, amplitude comparator, the arithmetic logic unit, first carry generator, the parity bit generator/checker, sales store, special device error detection calibration, and special logic circuit)
(3) linear integrated circuits (amplifier, analog signal processor, motor control circuit, operational amplifier, phase lock loop, power management devices, radio frequency/intermediate frequency amplifier, sensor circuit, communication devices, timers, transistor, voltage comparator, voltage reference device matrix, broadband amplifier, special function devices)
(4) microprocessor (microprocessor, controller, data transfer, special support, general support chip)
(5) the memory read/write memory (RAM), read-only memory ROM, character generator, programmable logic integrated circuit, code converter, shift register, special storage device that is according to the content addressable memory, fifo memory, dynamic memory controller)
(6) interface circuit (buffer/drive, line driver/transmitter, storage/clock drive, peripherals, display drive, switch the power drives, A/D converter, D/A converters, level converter, analog switch, analog multiplexer, digital multiplex selector, digital decoder, line receiver, sense amplifier, signal separator sample retainer, schmidt triggers, special devices the odd-even decoder, data acquisition system)